chown: /usr/local: Operation not permitted

MacOS系统上使用Homebrew，会提示将/usr/local文件夹的属主设置当前用户才可正常使用：

sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local

这个命令在低版本的MacOS上完全没问题，在OSX 10.13或更高版本系统上执行，会提示：chown: /usr/local: Operation not permitted。原因是高版本的MacOS加强了系统的权限控制，默认打开“系统完整性保护”（System Integerity Protection, SIP）。SIP对系统做了某些强制保护，即使root账号也不能随意更改重要资源。

为了使用Homebrew，先将其禁用掉，步骤如下：

  1. 进入恢复模式：重启电脑，按住Command + R直到苹果logo出现；
  2. 在恢复模式界面，点击上方的“工具 | 终端”，打开终端；
  3. 终端中输入csrutil disable，关闭保护；
  4. 输入reboot或者左上角重启电脑。

关闭SIP保护后，sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local命令执行正常。

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