即将用到爬虫，于是打算收集一下User Agent(UA)数据。接着马上想到自己网站的访问日志不就是现成的优质数据源吗？于是愉快的决定写个脚本统计一下Nginx访问日志中的UA信息。
这类简单操作，用脚本语言就足够，毫无疑问肯定要用最熟悉的PHP。打开vim就开撸，十几分钟下来，功能简单的统计脚本就搞定了。
脚本目前有三个功能：1. 找出所有的UA信息并排序； 2. 统计操作系统数据； 3. 统计浏览器数据。程序运行截图如下：
UA信息
操作系统信息
浏览器
用脚本统计最近一个月的访问日志，得到以下结果：
- 搜索引擎爬虫比较频繁，每天有好几千次数据访问；
- Windows仍是份额最大的操作系统，Linux桌面依然份额很小；
- Chrome目前是浏览器领域的霸主，其次是Firefox，Opera已经很小众了。
最后附上PHP脚本的代码，也可以从本人的Github里找到：https://github.com/tlanyan/Scripts/blob/master/statUA.php
#!/usr/bin/php
<?php
/**
* @brief stat UA in access log
*
* @author tlanyan<[email protected]>
* @link http://tlanyan.me
*/
/* vim: set ts=4; set sw=4; set ss=4; set expandtab; */
function getFileList(string $path) : array {
return glob(rtrim($path, "/") . "/*access.log*");
}
function statFiles(array $files) : array {
$stat = [];
echo PHP_EOL, "start to read files...", PHP_EOL;
foreach ($files as $file) {
echo "read file: $file ...", PHP_EOL;
$contents = getFileContent($file);
foreach ($contents as $line) {
$ua = getUA($line);
if (isset($stat[$ua])) {
$stat[$ua] += 1;
} else {
$stat[$ua] = 1;
}
}
}
echo "stat all files done!", PHP_EOL, PHP_EOL;
return $stat;
}
function getFileContent(string $file) : array {
if (substr($file, -3, 3) === ".gz") {
return gzfile($file);
}
return file($file);
}
function getUA(string $line) : ?string {
// important! Nginx log format determins the UA location in the line!
// You may have to refactor following codes to get the right result
// UA starts from fifth double quote
$count = 0; $offset = 0;
while ($count < 5) {
$pos = strpos($line, '"', $offset);
if ($pos === false) {
echo "Error! Unknown line: $line", PHP_EOL;
return null;
}
$count ++;
$offset = $pos + 1;
}
$end = strpos($line, '"', $offset);
return substr($line, $offset, $end - $offset);
}
function usage() {
echo "Usage: php statUA.php [option] [dir]", PHP_EOL;
echo " options:", PHP_EOL;
echo " -h: show this help", PHP_EOL;
echo " -v: verbose mode", PHP_EOL;
echo "-n NUM: UA list number", PHP_EOL;
echo " dir: directory to the log files", PHP_EOL;
echo PHP_EOL;
}
function filterUA(array& $stat, array $UAFilters) {
$filterCount = 0;
foreach ($UAFilters as $filter) {
foreach ($stat as $ua => $count) {
if (stripos($ua, $filter) !== false) {
$filterCount += $count;
unset($stat[$ua]);
}
}
}
echo "filter $filterCount records!", PHP_EOL;
}
function printCount(array $stat) {
$sum = array_sum($stat);
foreach ($stat as $key => $count) {
echo $key, " : ", $count, ", percent: ", sprintf("%.2f", 100*$count/$sum), PHP_EOL;
}
}
function statOS(array $UAs) : array {
global $debug;
echo PHP_EOL, "stat OS...", PHP_EOL;
$os = ["Windows", "MacOS", "Linux", "Android", "iOS", "other"];
$stat = array_fill_keys($os, 0);
foreach ($UAs as $key => $count) {
if (strpos($key, "Windows") !== false) {
$stat["Windows"] += $count;
} else if (strpos($key, "Macintosh") !== false) {
$stat["MacOS"] += $count;
// must deal Android first, then Linux
} else if (strpos($key, "Android") !== false) {
$stat["Android"] += $count;
} else if (strpos($key, "Linux") !== false) {
$stat["Linux"] += $count;
} else if (strpos($key, "iPhone") !== false || strpos($key, "iOS") !== false || strpos($key, "like Mac OS") !== false || strpos($key, "Darwin") !== false) {
$stat["iOS"] += $count;
} else {
if ($debug) {
echo "other: $key, count: $count", PHP_EOL;
}
$stat["other"] += $count;
}
}
return $stat;
}
function statBrowser(array $UAs) : array {
global $debug;
echo PHP_EOL, "stat brwoser...", PHP_EOL;
$browsers = ["Chrome", "Firefox", "IE", "Safari", "Edge", "Opera", "other"];
$stat = array_fill_keys($browsers, 0);
foreach ($UAs as $key => $count) {
if (strpos($key, "MSIE") !== false) {
$stat["IE"] += $count;
} else if (strpos($key, "Edge") !== false) {
$stat["Edge"] += $count;
} else if (strpos($key, "Firefox") !== false) {
$stat["Firefox"] += $count;
} else if (strpos($key, "OPR") !== false) {
$stat["Opera"] += $count;
// first Chrome, then Safari
} else if (strpos($key, "Chrome") !== false) {
$stat["Chrome"] += $count;
} else if (strpos($key, "Safari") !== false) {
$stat["Safari"] += $count;
} else {
if ($debug) {
echo "other: $key, count: $count", PHP_EOL;
}
$stat["other"] += $count;
}
}
return $stat;
}
function parseCmd() {
global $debug, $num, $path, $argc, $argv;
$optind = null;
$options = getopt("hvn:", [], $optind);
if ($argc > 2 && empty($options)) {
usage();
exit(1);
}
if (isset($options['h'])) {
usage();
exit(0);
}
if (isset($options['v'])) {
$debug = true;
}
if (isset($options['n'])) {
$num = intval($options['n']);
if ($num <= 0) {
$num = 10;
}
}
if ($argc === 2 && empty($options)) {
$path = $argv[1];
}
if ($argc > $optind) {
$path = $argv[$optind];
}
if (!is_dir($path)) {
echo "invalid directory: $path", PHP_EOL;
exit(1);
}
if ($debug) {
echo "num: $num", PHP_EOL;
echo "verbose: ", var_export($debug, true), PHP_EOL;
echo "path: $path", PHP_EOL;
}
}
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, "7.1") < 0) {
exit("scripts require PHP >=7.1");
}
$path = ".";
$debug = false;
$num = 10;
$UAFilters = [
"spider",
"bot",
"wget",
"curl",
];
parseCmd();
$files = getFileList($path);
if (empty($files)) {
echo '"' . realpath($path) . '" does not contain access log files.', PHP_EOL;
exit(0);
}
$allUA = statFiles($files);
if (empty($allUA)) {
echo "no data", PHP_EOL;
exit(0);
}
filterUA($allUA, $UAFilters);
// sort array with count
uasort($allUA, function ($a, $b) {
return $b - $a;
});
if ($debug) {
print_r($allUA);
}
echo PHP_EOL, "---- top $num UA ----", PHP_EOL;
printCount(array_slice($allUA, 0, $num));
echo "-------------------", PHP_EOL;
$os = statOS($allUA);
echo PHP_EOL, "os count:", PHP_EOL;
printCount($os);
$browser = statBrowser($allUA);
echo PHP_EOL, "browser count:", PHP_EOL;
printCount($browser);